Importance of Compensation Philosophy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Compensation Philosophy. Answer: Introduction Human resource management is the process of managing human resources of a given organization. It is one of the most crucial functions of the business and enables the top management to ensure that the employees working for the firm are productive and satisfied (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The responsibilities of a human resource manager are varied starting from recruiting and training to rewarding and managing performance. An efficient human resource manager is a vital asset to any business. This report throws light on various functions of the human resource management. The position selected is that of a Restaurant manager. This position has been selected owing to varied responsibilities fulfilled by a restaurant manager and the sundry amount of new challenges that the manager faces on a daily basis. It is a unique position as the customers change every day and each customer has distinct needs and demands. A restaurant manager is expected to hire the right staff for the restaurant, manage a diverse set of customers, address their grievances, effectively manage the restaurant budget, follow compliance and handle conflicts (Beardwell Thompson, 2014). These vast spectrum of responsibilities make the position of a restaurant manager truly dynamic and it is imperative that the person selected for the role is dexterous and proficient. Designing and analyzing jobs Designing of jobs is one of the most crucial tasks assigned to an HR manager. This involves forming and formulating various responsibilities that need to fulfill by the employee (Jong, Parker, Wennekers Wu 2015). It specifies various relationships of the employee with the rest of the firm and clarifies expectations and defines responsibilities in an efficient manner. Job description clarifies the responsibilities and obligations that come with the position of a Restaurant manager. The purpose of the job description is to ensure the employee is clear and well aware of the responsibilities that he is expected to fulfill (German, 2016). It also elucidates to whom the employee reports and whose performance in the team is he accountable for. The description also lays emphasis on the most basic qualifications to ensure a persons eligibility to apply for the job. The job description of a restaurant manager is as below: Job Title Restaurant manager Reports to Restaurant owner Date 12/11/2017 Written by and approved by Job duties and responsibilities 1. Managing staff working at the restaurant 2. Budget planning and execution 3. Daily reporting to the owner 4. Managing stock and raw material 5. Coordinating with suppliers 6. Grievance handling 7. Ensuring customer satisfaction 8. Managing performance of the staff 9. Providing the staff with timely feedback Job specifications 1. Excellent communication skills 2. Graduation in any field 3. Excellent people management skills 4. Previous experience of 3 years in the same industry mandatory Performance standards 1. Implementation of budget 2. Generate revenue 3. Manage cost 4. Ensure excellence in customer service 5. Reduce turnaround time for customers Strategies to enrich or enlarge the job Departmentalizing the restaurant will help in enriching the job profile as it would make the work of the restaurant manager much easier (Portal, 2013). Each department will have one contact person and the restaurant manager will be directly communicating with these contact persons on a regular basis. This would save time and create an increased efficacy. The restaurant manager must be provided with timely rewards and effective recognition. These rewards would be aimed at making the manager feel more valued and instil a sense of motivation to assist in achieving better performance (Jones, 2017). Expanding the menu of the restaurant will enlarge the job of the restaurant manager as now the target market would increase and hence the number of customers availing services at the restaurant would be higher. This would require extra management and responsibilities of the manager leading to an enlarged job. HR planning and recruitment Human resource planning is the procedure of analyzing the current as well as future human resource requirement in any business. This involves examining how many employees are currently employed with the firm and fulfilling manpower gaps if any (Belcourt McBey, 2016). The aim of HR planning and recruitment is to make sure the business is neither understaffed nor overstaffed. Environmental scan assists managers in considering the factors that may directly or indirectly impact the recruitment process and availability of talent in the industry (Uysal, 2014). As a restaurant manager, this environmental scan includes: Increasing competition: the manager need to know how many more restaurants or similar services are available in the nearby areas and what are the salaries that are being offered to their employees. Employee poaching: The manager must also keep a hawk eye on restaurants that might be poaching our employees by keeping a track of previous employees current employment details (Kim, 2014). Economic factors (recession, inflation): Factors like recession and inflation hamper the availability of talent (Chauradia, Mawdsley Brymer, 2017). An increasing inflation increases employees salary expectations while recession generally slows down the economic activity of the nation Recruitment strategy Recruitment drives: Recruitment drives could be conducted which allow firms to address a wider audience and help find the right candidate for the job. These recruitment drives are intended to provide jobs to a large number of people. Handouts distributed in public places: Handouts could be printed and distributed at public places in order to make people aware about the vacancies at the restaurant. The eligible and interested candidates could apply by referring to the contact details in the handout. Referrals: The existing employees of the restaurant could refer other interested candidates and earn extra incentives for the same (Burks, Cowgill, Hoffman Housman, 2015). Selection of the perfect employee from various applying candidates is a significant responsibility of a restaurant manager. It requires immense skill to identify the right talent in the short span in which the candidate interviews with the firm. Organizations must be strict about the selection criteria in order to filter out ineligible candidates. Completion of application form: Anyone who applies for the position would be asked to fill out an application form. Candidates applying online can fill the application online. This will contain the details of the candidates work experience, educational qualifications, strengths, weaknesses and other personal information. Pre-screening: On the basis of their application alone, various candidates will be selected or rejected for the next round of interview. It is essential to ensure that the qualifications of the candidate matches well with those required for the job. It is difficult to know about a person entirely by their application, hence this is just the first level test. Employment tests: The role of a restaurant manager involves making quick decisions, manage stress and act fast in case of a crisis. To assess this ability of a candidate, a logical reasoning and aptitude test would be conducted. This will help to further shortlist candidates for the personal interview round. Interview: A one on one personal interview is the best way to judge a candidates communication skills, public behavior and ability to connect with people. An interview will be conducted in the presence of the restaurant owner as well as the HR head. Reference checks: if the candidate successfully clears the interview to the satisfaction of the jury, then a reference must be conducted to check upon the performance of the candidate in the previous jobs. This is important to make a decision and get a genuine and first hand feedback from the previous employer. Hiring decision: Once the entire process has completed, the top management must sit together and decide whether the candidate must be selected or rejected. Either way, the candidate must be informed the decision in a professional manner. Selection interview During the candidates interview, it would be essential that the owner of the restaurant or any other business partner along with HR personnel is present. For the position of the restaurant manager, the team would be evaluating the candidate based on communication skills, people management skills, quick decision making ability, efficient conflict management and polite behavior (Levashina, Hartwell, Morgeson Campion 2014). Question 1: Describe a situation where you have completely disagreed with your superior because you were very sure that you are right Question 2: What has been your biggest achievement and your biggest failure since you started working. What did you learn from both? Question 3: What is the most difficult customer situation you have ever faced and how did you tackle it? Question 1: If a customer has visited the restaurant with a large party and orders food worth CAD 300, but one of the food items has a strand of hair. He is demanding to wave off his entire bill. The staff is doubting that he has placed that strand of hair himself to get free food. On the other hand, customer is creating a scene and intimidating to sue the restaurant. What would you do in such a scenario? Question 2: There is a waiter who has been associated with the restaurant since inception and has been one of the best performing employees of the firm. One day you visit the terrace of the restaurant after working hours and see that he and two other colleagues have stolen beer from the restaurant and consuming it in the restaurant premises. What action would you take? Question 3: There is an office in the same building as your restaurant and the employees of that office regularly visit the restaurant. For the 14 of February, you have hosting a private party and 30% of the tickets have been sold. The CEO of the same office approaches you and requests you to allow the office to organize a party on 14th February, the same day as the private party. You cannot lose this client as they give you a daily business. What would you do? Orienting and training Pre hire: Before hire the candidates details would be recorded. The candidate must be asked to send all his documents for verification and feedback must be taken from the previous employers Hiring: Once the employee has been hired a formal welcome letter must be sent to the employee with details including his work timings, dress code, contact details of one contact person and other important organizational details (Lawson, 2015). First Day: The employee must be introduced to everyone in the organization. The details of the organizational structure and his team must be shared with the employee. The work must be clearly explained, a tour of the entire facility must be provided, a mentor must be assigned and any other guidance that the employee wants, must be provided. First week: It is important that the restaurant manager can handle different departments of the restaurant including kitchen management, accounting, staff handling etc. Training must be provided for the same. Performance must be closely evaluated. And towards the end of the week a meeting must be scheduled to take and provide feedback about the current experience in the restaurant. Three months: Three months from the joining, a complete performance evaluation should be done. The idea is to provide a feedback to the employee and recommend improvements if any required. Also the employees feedback should be taken about his team members. The employee must also share an action plan for the next three months. Justification for the program Employee orientation: This on boarding program would orient the employee well with the restaurant and the organizational structure. Employee acceptance: This program is aimed at ensuring the employee accepts the organizational culture and vice versa. The employee must be comfortable in the place of work (Williams, 2015). Feedback: This program would also give way to a genuine and transparent feedback policy. This way the employee would be able to improve his performance and he can also provide feedback and recommend any improvements in the organization. Performance evaluation: This on boarding program involves performance evaluation meetings between the manager and his superior every three months. This would ensure that the performance is regularly evaluated and kept under check. Feedback from the employee will give a clear idea about the effectiveness of the orientation and training program. This could be done via feedback forms as well as encouraging open discussions at the end of the program. Employee performance must also be evaluated before and after the program. Any positive change in the performance could be an indicator of the success of the orientation program. Employee buddies could be assigned and also informal behavior of the employee must be noticed. An active participation in office activities, clarity of work and interaction with other employees is an indication of well oriented employees. Rewards: Direct compensation The philosophy behind the restaurants compensation program is to ensure an attractive and flexible pay along with benefits. The goal for the restaurant is to be competitive in recruitment. The high compensation package also reflects upon the high quality of performance expected from the employees (Reda, 2015). It is important to make employees feel valued and that their performance is given the due credit as well as appreciation. This is an important step to motivate employees and letting them know that the work they perform is important and valued. Various performance evaluation methods must be in place to ensure that the right and deserving employees are rewarded. These merit systems must provide a credible relationship between employee performance and raises awarded to them. A restaurant manager would be evaluated as per a balanced score card. It is a strategic performance management tool which evaluates an employee on the basis of four important aspects, Financial, customer, internal business process and learning growth. Fixed Salary Annually Monthly Basic Pay CAD 120000 CAD 10000 HRA CAD 2400 CAD 200 Conveyance CAD 1200 CAD 100 Telecommunication CAD 240 CAD 20 Professional Tax (CAD 1200) (CAD 100) Provident fund (Contribution of employer) CAD 1200 CAD 100 Provident fund (Employee) (CAD 1200) (CAD 100) Net in hand salary CAD 122640 CAD 10220 Rewards: employee benefits Benefits provided to the restaurant manager would be as below: Travel: The restaurant manager will be provided one way commuting facility. This is because the manager might have to work late night. In such a scenario it becomes the responsibility of the restaurant that the employee reaches home safely. Telecommunication expense: The restaurant manager would be provided a mobile phone. The contact details of which would be made public for customers to contact. This will make the manager a one point contact for everyone. Health insurance: This would be provided to all the employees with the restaurants partner healthcare agency. Tying up with recruitment agencies can be a great idea to hire the right candidates. They take the pressure of screening, interviewing and evaluating the candidates off from the restaurant. The top management then only get candidates shortlisted by the recruitment agency. And it is easier for them to filter the best from the cream. The restaurant does not have a flexible benefits program. This is because the three benefits mentioned above will be offered to the restaurant manager because they are needed. The flexible benefits plan works well for the organization when the cost can be passed on to the employees as a deduction from their before tax income (Bloom Trahan, 2016). The restaurants philosophy is to recruitment competitive. Therefore no additional cost would be passed on to the employee. Travel expense, telecommunication expense, health insurance and sick/casual leaves would be provided to the employee. This is done to increase employee loyalty and satisfaction. References Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Beardwell, J. and Thompson, A., 2014.Human resource management: a contemporary approach. Pearson Education. Belcourt, M. and McBey, K.J., 2016.Strategic human resources planning. Nelson Education. Bloom, D.E. and Trahan, J.T., 2016.Flexible benefits and employee choice: Highlights of the literature. Elsevier. Burks, S.V., Cowgill, B., Hoffman, M. and Housman, M., 2015. The value of hiring through employee referrals.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,130(2), pp.805-839. Chauradia, A.J., Mawdsley, J. and Brymer, R.A., 2017, January. Hiring in a Recession? Performance Implications of Countercyclical Human Capital Sourcing. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2017, No. 1, p. 17331). Academy of Management. German, F., Spanish, D. and Italian, S., 2016. Job Description. Jones, R.C., 2017. Rewards and Recognition Spark Revision Writing.Journalism,7(2), pp.97-101. Jong, J.P., Parker, S.K., Wennekers, S. and Wu, C.H., 2015. Entrepreneurial behavior in organizations: does job design matter?Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,39(4), pp.981-995. Kim, J.H., 2014. Employee Poaching: Why It Can Be Predatory.Managerial and Decision Economics,35(5), pp.309-317. Lawson, K., 2015.New employee orientation training. Association for Talent Development. Levashina, J., Hartwell, C.J., Morgeson, F.P. and Campion, M.A., 2014. The structured employment interview: Narrative and quantitative review of the research literature.Personnel Psychology,67(1), pp.241-293. Portal, S., 2013. Organizational Structures. Reda, J.F., 2015. The Importance of a Compensation Philosophy: Redux.Browser Download This Paper. Uysal, G., 2014. Taylor, HRM, strategic HRM with jobs, employee performance, business performance relationship: HR governance through 100 years. Williams III, J., 2015. Starting off on the Right Foot: A Library New Student Employee Orientation.South Carolina Libraries,1(2), p.7.

English poem free essay sample

Government I am here I am strong Im a citizen I am human I protect people I keep them safe They are kept from books Yet it is for the better I am a good citizen Society I am weak Government is good I am confused I need help My society is ruined and crumbling Its for the better It ruined my life They all say, however I dont believe It Its crooks who steal for the good of the people I watched an Innocent life die She was scared and needed me I didnt want to see I watched her little life die I watched her lungs give one last sighThe government Is a lie Millions of houses They Just burnt my house My child died Do you see what this society has done to me? Done to me? I saw the child, as she said her last goodbye She looked at me pleading for help As the roof fell and she gave her last yelp Her life life dying away Looking at the mom Looking for something to say Do you see what this society has As the roof fell she gave her last yelp Her body lay I stood, watching, planning They couldnt ge t away with this, not again First my soul mate Now this final act of hate? I arrived once again to late Thought tackle my mindNot sure what to do She had Just watched her daughter die I couldnt lie Pure proof, material and real Awful The government is horrible Full of people Fake people, robot like Im a horrible person What kind of role model am I? My life is a lie Im everything he sees My mind screams My hate embodies me Not believing what I have Just seen As I watch her burn Her face crumbling, falling apart Waiting for it all to stop I wanted revenge, he needs to learn A horrible person needs to go too horrible place A person with no heart My eyes dart She moved towards me Furious I ran, using all my angerStop! He looked at me without a thought in mind I cared, I really did, I was going to fight for her My mind screamed as I watch my child burn! The mother ran to me Mad I pulled my gun I ran furious at what he had done Millions of thoughts go through my mind My daughters, my son, my wife Dont do It Dont do it Im not going to die today! Not my kids, my love, I cant leave them I looked at her a pleaded, no words came out He looked at me carelessly Please, dont make me kill you To many have died Dont make me do this He backed me into a corner No where to run, no where to hideWishing my daughter where by my side First her, now me How messed up can you be? A tear fell from my eye as I lifted the gun But Just then something happened A tear from my eye as I lifted the gun Fire: Oh no! Everywhere It burned every limb! I am a citizen Burning every part All alone My widowed wife My beautiful life Oh yes! Fire began Below him, around him, consuming him My daughter avenged His selfish life A little girl who would never grow to be old A life that was sold Two bodies burned at 451 degrees One I longed to see, and one caused me to walk away with glee.

Keystones of the Ottoman Empire free essay sample

The Janissaries strengthened the military and the Millet System helped to organize Ottoman society and both were vital to the rise and support of the Ottoman Empire in the 15th and 16th centuries. The Janissaries were a new form of military order organized under the Ottoman Sultan Murat I (1360-1389), and forming the first standing (professional) army. At first, the Janissaries were young Christians captured during wars with the Byzantine Empire and trained to fight (there was not anything new about this practice). It is probable that the Christian captives formed the nucleus of a standing army; they may also have been the original company that was to grow into a new army; the yenceri or janissary corps. Their commanders were chosen from the Ottoman bey, thus giving him the benefit of his prestige, so that by the reign of Murat I in the mid- to late-fourteenth century the detachment had its own identity. We will write a custom essay sample on Keystones of the Ottoman Empire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † The Janissaries were converted to Islam and given special training. Later, the Janissaries were collected through the devsirme system, a kind of tax. Janissaries became a very powerful force within the Othman Empire; they sometimes deposed Sultans and installed others. In April, 1512, with the help of the Janissaries, Selim I forced his father Byezid II to abdicate the throne and became Sultan. The Janissaries played a role in the upper and ruling classes of the government. They were appointed to protect on of the upper class people. They helped them by guarding them as personal body guards, and on multiple occasions, saved their principles lives. The Janissaries could also get into positions of jobs in palaces. They were the runners for the rich. The Janissaries could become guards and groundskeepers. In the capitals of the towns and cities they took over, the Janissaries would keep order in the castles, and guard the chambers at night. On a few occasions, they stopped a murder while on their rounds. The intensive military training made the Janissaries one of the strongest corps of their time. Under Murad II they began to use guns, instead of Bows and Crossbows. They were the third to do that in Europe. â€Å"These elite troops could fire their weapons in a kneeling or standing position without the need for any additional support or rest. They would use a structured formation to assault: two rows of nine gunmen. This ended up being a very successful method of fighting, and is one of the reasons that they were such good shots. â€Å"The Janissaries were accurate to the inch [when shooting], and were very lethal, each shot finding its mark† â€Å"The Janissaries would be aggressive and efficient fighters, on the ground , and horseback† The Battle of Varna, fought among the Ottomon Empire, Hungary, and Poland, took place on November 10, 1444. The king of Poland tried to rush the Ottomans, and overrun the Janissaries and take the Sultan prisoner. The Janissary body guards killed the king, and the Ottomans won the battle. The left flank, a total of 5,000 men in five banners (or battalions), was led by  Michael Szilagyi, and was made up of Hunyadis Transylvanians, Bulgarians, German mercenaries and banners of Hungarian  magnates. Behind the Hungarians, closer to the Black Sea and the lake, was the Wagenburg, defended by 300 to 600 Czech and  Ruthenian  mercenaries under hetman Ceyka, along with Poles, Lithuanians and Wallachians. Every wagon was manned by 7 to 10 soldiers and the Wagenburg was equipped with  bombards. The Ottoman center included the  Janissaries  and levies from  Rumelia  deployed around two  Thracian  burial mounds. Murad observed and directed the battle from one of them. The Janissaries dug in behind ditches and two palisades. The right wing consisted of  Kapikulus  and  Sipahis  from Rumelia, and the left wing was made up by  Ak? nc? s, Sipahis from  Anatolia, and other forces. Janissary archers and Ak? nc? light cavalry were deployed on the Franga plateau. The other Ottoman flank assaulted the Hungarians and Bulgarians of Michael Szilagyi. Their push was stopped and turned back; then Sipahis attacked again. Hunyadi decided to help and advised Wladyslaw to wait until he returned; then advanced with two cavalry companies. The young king, ignoring Hunyadis advice, rushed 500 of his Polish knights against the Ottoman center. They attempted to overrun the Janissary infantry and take Murad prisoner, and almost succeeded. But Wladyslaw had fallen in a pitfall in front of Murads tent and was slain by the  Janissary bodyguards, his head was cut off and later taken to the Ottoman court. The remaining Polish cavalry was destroyed by the Ottomans. One of their most important battles was the conquest of Constantinople, which took place on the Bosphorus, in 1453. Constantinople was the last Christian city within the Ottoman Empire. It was receiving supplies from Russia. The Ottoman army was led by the current Sultan, Mehmet II against the Christians, led by Constantine XI. This city was very important, because it was on a triangular peninsula on the Bosphorus separating Asia and Europe, and was in the center of the Byzantine Empire. In the siege of Constantinople, the Janissaries were ruthless and brave in their attacks, and had wave after wave trying to breach the wall. Whenever a comrade fell, another would pick him up, bring him back to safety, and go right back to the wall. â€Å"The Venetians shot at them with guns and crossbows, aiming at the one who was carrying his comrade, and both would fall; but then the others came to take these victims away, none fearing death, but willing to let ten be killed than suffer the shame of leaving a single Ottoman corpse by the wall. On April 28, 1453, the Janissaries were issued 2,000 ladders. That night, they set up all around the city, and they attempted to enter the city. Two hours before dawn, heavy cannon fire made a giant hole in the wall, and the Janissaries streamed through the wall and breached the city. When the city fell, so did the Byzantine Empire, and all of its land was the Ottoman’s. These battles are examples that demonstrate the value of the Ja nissaries. * * * The Millet System was put into place in 1454 by  Sultan Mehmet II  after he had conquered Constantinople and set himself to reorganize the Ottoman State as the heir of the Byzantine Empire. It was a system of confessional communities where each religion lived separately in its own town. Each religious group governed itself, and only had to answer to the Sultan. It was established to segregate the religions and to keep them from fighting among one another. When the Ottomans were taking over more and more Jewish and Christian land, Mehmet II realized that they needed a way to control the non-Muslim populations. The Sultan believed that that best way to control the crowds was to keep them apart altogether. They were national corporations with written charters, often of an elaborate kind. Each of them was presided over by a Patriarch (an eastern orthodox religious leader), who held office at the discretion of the Government, but was elected by the community and was the recognized intermediary between the two, combining in his own person the headship of a voluntary Rayah association and the status of an Ottoman official. The special function thus assigned to the Patriarchates gave the Millets the authority that the Patriarchates extended to the control of schools, and even to the administration of certain branches of civil law. The first groups to be under the Millet system were the Greeks and the Armenians. The Sultan relied on these officials to control these Christian populations, but the Patriarch answered to the Sultan. Later, the Sultans used this system for many other ethnic groups: â€Å"All the orthodox dyophysites, vis. Greeks, Bulgarians, Serbians, Albanians, Wallachians, Moldavians, Ruthenians, Croatians, Caramanians, Syrians, Melkites, and Arabs became associated under their represented chiefs, with the association of the Greek patriarch; while the orthodox monophysites, comprising the Armenians, Syrians, Chaldaeans, Copts, Georgians, and Abyssinians, became subject, under their respective chiefs, to the jurisdiction of the Arminian Patriarchy† Because the different groups were is olated, it was difficult for them to organize against the Empire. As a result, the cities of the Ottoman Empire were more peaceful. The general administrative systems of the state in the early centuries also prevented the fusion of different ethnic groups into larger political units†¦It was difficult in these circumstances for several related ethnic or linguistic groups to combine into one single social or political unit and establish numerical control over a specific region except for a few arias, such as Peloponnesus or the Aegean Islands where Greek settlements were compact. Thus, while the basic millet was universal and anational, the small community therefore produced, simultaneously, religious universality and local patriarchialism. The balance between religious universalism and ethno-cultural localism could be maintained as long as the economic a social organization remain intact, social mobility remained low, and the central government remained strong enough to maintain the status quo. † The taxes weren’t established by the Sultan, the local representative decided what the people would pay. They did, however, have to give a piece of it to the system. They were also easier to govern, because the Christian and Jewish leaders ran them on their own. The government made more tax money, and the Sultanate became more stable. The non-Muslims in the Millet system were useful. Some Christians and Jews were accomplished at things that the Muslims couldn’t do, or didn’t want to do. Many of the non-Muslims were traders and bankers and were able to increase the trade and finance of the Ottomans. They also became diplomats. â€Å"Dealing with foreigners was seen by strict Muslims as tainted and dangerous to the souls of those engaged in them. † The Janissaries were powerful and influential within the Ottoman army. They were pivotal in multiple battles, and were the first standing body of troops in the world. The Millet system gave the Ottoman society a useful way to control the non-Muslim population, and helped keep the Empire stable for a long time. It enhanced Ottoman society, and made the empire an easier place to live in. Both were necessary for the Ottoman Empire to be as successful as it was in the 15th and 16th centuries. Bibliography Adang, Camilla and Schmidtke, Sabine, Ed. , Controversies between Muslims, Jews and Christians in the Ottoman Empire and Pre-Modern Iran, Ergon Verlag Wurtzburg, 2010. Agoston, Gabor, Guns for the Sultan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Agoston, Gabor, and Masters, Bruce Alan. Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. New York, NY: Facts On File, 2009. Barber, Noel, The Sultans. New York : Simon and Schuster, 1973. Benjamin, Thomas, Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450. Braude, Benjamin and Lewis, Bernard, Ed. , Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire:   The Functioning of a Plural Society, Volume I – The Central Lands, Holmes amp; Meier Publishers, Inc. , 1982 Chary, Frederick B. The Ottoman Empire. Weapons and Warfare. Ed. John Powell, 2nd ed. 3 vols. Salem Press, 2010. Salem History Web. 1 Oct. 2012. Finkel, Caroline. Osmans dream: the story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1923. New York: Basic Books, 2006. Print. Goodwin, Godfrey, The Janissaries, Saqi Books, 1994. Pallis, Alexander, In the Days of the Janissaries:   Old Turkish Life as Depicted in the â€Å"Travel-Book† of Evilya Clelebi, Hutchinson amp; Co. , 1951. Peri, Oded, Christianity Under Islam in Jerusalem:   The Question of the Holy Sites in Early Ottoman Times, Brill, 2001 Roberts, M. , History of the World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979. Shaw, Stanford J. , and Ezel Kural Shaw. History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976,1977. Sugar, Peter F. Southeastern Europe Under Ottoman Rule, 1354-1804.   Alibris Marketplace. Washington Press, n. d. Web. 04 Feb. 2013. Tallon, James N. The Ottoman Armies.   Weapons and Warfare. Ed. John Powell, 2nd ed. 3 vols. Salem Press, 2010. Salem History  Web. 01 Oct. 2012. [ 1 ]. Goodwin, Godfrey. The Janissaries. (London: Saqi Book Depot, 1997. ), 27. [ 2 ]. Agoston, Gabor, and Masters, Bruce Alan. Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. New York, NY: Facts On File, 2009), 512. [ 3 ]. Agoston, Gabor, and Masters, Bruce Alan. Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. (New York, NY: Facts On File, 2009), 138. [ 4 ]. Chary, Frederick B. The Ottoman Empire. Weapons and Warfare. Ed. John Powell, 2nd ed. 3 vols. (Salem Press, 2010. Salem History Web. 01 Oct. 2012. ) page 245 [ 5 ]. Agoston, and Masters,  Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire, 295. [ 6 ]. Shaw, Stanford J. , and Ezel Kural S haw. History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976. ), 95. [ 7 ]. Goodwin,  The Janissaries. 8 ]. J. M. Roberts, History of the World. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979. ), 289. [ 9 ]. Goodwin,  The Janissaries. 78 [ 10 ]. Goodwin,  The Janissaries. 27 [ 11 ]. Braude, Benjamin and Lewis, Bernard, Ed. , Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire:   The Functioning of a Plural Society, Volume I – The Central Lands, (Holmes Meier Publishers, Inc. , 1982) page 145 [ 12 ]. Braude and Lewis, Ed. , Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire, Volume I, 38 [ 13 ]. Ibid. 146. [ 14 ]. Braude and Lewis, Ed. , Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire, Volume I, 147 [ 15 ]. Ibid. 9

Tips For Writing a Health Topic Essay

Tips For Writing a Health Topic EssayA health topic essay can help a student plan for the future by providing a realistic view of future concerns. This type of essay is also commonly used in college admissions essays and in health topics in general. This will usually be a single-topic essay, as most students do not have the time to write multiple essays on the same subject.Health topics usually start with a research paper or historical account of a disease or illness. For example, a cancer research paper will focus on how an illness affected someone's life, and a medical history of cancer in the family. A single health topic can also contain a specific illness that affects a person. This kind of essay is also referred to as a case study.Health topics may also center on the treatment and results of a disease. Some diseases can only be treated with a life-saving procedure, while others may not be curable. These examples would include terminal or life-threatening illnesses like cancer a nd AIDS.Students will not generally choose health topics that are too specific. Instead, they will write about the overall impact of a disease or illness on a person's life. A diagnosis of AIDS or cancer in a patient's family can also be used as a reference.The kind of environment, the writer has for their health topics will also factor into their writing style. While it is important to write in a supportive and optimistic manner, students must avoid subjecting themselves to ridicule or unfair criticism. Instead, they should use their own experiences to point out the ways in which a disease or illness has affected their life.When writing a topic for health topics, students should write from their point of view. They should not be afraid to be vulnerable in this area. Moreover, they should explore ways in which a single disease or illness has changed their life, or the life of a family member or friend. They should also avoid making assumptions about the background of the patients in the essay, as well as the health background of other people in the essay.It can be useful to give examples from the way people have responded to illness in their own lives to support their argument in health topics. The essay may also take the form of a story, in which each sentence relates a person's experience in the world, whether real or imagined. When writing a short essay, writers should make sure the topic is something that is personal to them. Too general of a topic will prevent them from feeling emotionally connected to the topic.Health topics can be a difficult topic to research and write about. However, when students know what questions to ask and how to answer them, they can build a strong foundation for their topic essays. Writing from the heart is a skill that all writers should master if they want to succeed in this area.

The Different Cultures Interaction on the Labor Day Carnival

The Different Cultures Interaction on the Labor Day Carnival The Labor Day carnival, which is a yearly multicultural extravaganza, is hosted at Crown Heights in Brooklyn New York. The parade takes place along the Eastern Parkway and attracts millions of participants and spectators.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Different Cultures Interaction on the Labor Day Carnival specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite this event taking place in the USA and being organized by Americans, it draws a crowd consisting of people from different cultures mostly from Caribbean islands, Belize in Central America and Guyana in South America. The parade involves a colorful display of costumes accompanied by Calypso and Soca music indigenous from Trinidad and Tobago. This flamboyant affair is organized and financed by the West Indian American Day Carnival Association (Moss, 2007). This gathering of people from different cultures is a clear indication of the growth of the American socie ty and illustrates how they have learnt to live together despite their different backgrounds. The interaction of different cultures is a proof of diversity at its best, and the success stories written about the carnival show intercultural maturity in the USA. These celebrations are done during the national Labor Day celebrations and are a show of solidarity of the American people with the rest of the world (Flower, 2010). The interaction between the different people has resulted in them understanding other people’s culture, and thus making them less judgmental of others. When such events take place, they leave very little room for any group of people to feel like they are outsiders in a foreign land. Thus, the event fosters togetherness in any society since life in a cosmopolitan city like New York consists of interactions between people from different places and all of them have their own way of life (Ruben Randy 2012).Advertising Looking for research paper on cultu ral studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The importance of people who are not natives from America being able to organize a multicultural event that allows other people of a different culture to showcase their cultural heritage is a reflection of how welcoming the American society is for other people regardless of their ancestral origin. America boasts of diversity that is unrivaled elsewhere in the world since its community is made up of people from all over the world (Flower, 2010). These annual celebrations have become a part of the new culture created by these interactions and as a result the celebration has found its way into the national calendar of events. The various people with different cultures that came together to interact have since led to the creation of a new culture that includes all the residents of New York. This has even attracted tourists to the event. Even though the event has had incidences of viol ence and some elements of insecurity the organizers have found a way of curbing them (Flower, 2010). The carnival is a tourist attraction and has led to the popularization of the event which has further inspired musicians such as Bob Marley and Jay Z to perform. The parade has shown how people can co-exist peacefully if only they can learn from each other’s culture and understand and at the same time appreciate the role that each of them plays in the society (Moss, 2007). Despite the carnival being suspended for five years due to the violence experienced then, the organizers were able to deal with the incidences and the celebrations were again permitted. The ability of this event to grow from the late 1940s to date shows how cultural resilience prospers and how the different cultures get over their differences and resume planning an incidents-free celebration (Ruben Randy 2012). In conclusion, the Labor Day carnival as a festival in New York is a very prominent indication of diversity in the American society. The various cultures brought together by this celebration clearly show the multicultural nature of this society and their efforts to integrate others in their society.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Different Cultures Interaction on the Labor Day Carnival specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Flower, Linda. Learning to rival: A literate practice for intercultural inquiry. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2010. Print. Moss, Frank. The American metropolis from Knickerbocker days to the present time. London, UK: McGraw Hill, 2007. Print. Ruben, Liz Leonard, Randy. â€Å"Two Men Fatally Stabbed and Two are Shot as Violence Follows Parade†. The New York Times. 4 September, 2012. Web.

Company fitness program and its benefits.Proposal Essay

Company fitness program and its benefits.Proposal - Essay Example The Company also intends to establish on-site fitness center so that employees could become physically and mentally strong and hence their productivity could be increased (Ichihashi, Muto, and Shibuya, 2007). Therefore, this proposal will highlight the key benefits of on-site fitness center and will also identify the requirements, costs, and time for establishing on-site fitness center. The main objective of on-site fitness center is to reduce health care expenditure of employer. It has been noticed that company spends millions of dollars every year for employee’s health issues. Moreover, employee’s absenteeism and turnover rate have also been the serious problem for productivity and profitability of company. It has been estimated that employee’s health care cost and absenteeism rate would decline. Hence the end-result for the company would be higher productivity and profitability. Many studies have also been conducted to determine the benefits of company fitness programs. ... They are facing stress and other physical problems due to improper diet and lack of physical activities. Today every employee wants to be fit and healthy person not only because of health concerns but also for looking slim and smart. Therefore, company health and fitness programs have now become the necessity of time in order to maintain the balanced and healthy life of employees (Goetzel and Ozminkowski, 2008). Many of the organizations have realized this issue and have started health and fitness programs for their employees. These organizations noted that health and fitness programs lead to improve employees’ performance. They become very active in their jobs and feel happy during their work. The report prepared by the US department of Disease Prevention and Health promotion in 1993 claimed that on-site health fitness programs is the major contribution in improving health of many American employees (Goetzel and Ozminkowski, 2008). There are many other organizations which are facing problems regarding increasing health issues of employees. The cost of spending in worker’s health is increasing due to increasing ratio of health problems in employees. In America, more than one third of the total annual medical bill was paid by employers and the average medical premium for single coverage was $3615 a year in 2006 (Goetzel and Ozminkowski, 2008). Organizations are also worried for increasing employee’s absenteeism and turnover ratio due to health related issues in them (Ichihashi, Muto, and Shibuya, 2007). Therefore, the idea of on-site fitness centers will be beneficial for both the employees and the employer. The fitness

Is Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Associated with Autism Spectrum Research Paper

Is Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders - Research Paper Example The two articles have a similar hypothesis. Both articles are trying to investigate whether neonatal jaundice is also known as neonatal/infant hyperbilirubinemia might be related to Autism Related Disorders (ARDs). The first article, Pediatrics, retrieved from the official journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics employs the case-control cohort study while the second article, retrieved from online publications uses retrospective case-control design. Therefore, this paper will examine how each investigation in each article was conducted. It will address the strengths and weaknesses the two approaches. The paper will conclude with suggestions on how I would design an ideal study to investigate the hypothesis. The research objective with regard to both journal articles was to investigate the association between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia/jaundice and autism spectrum disorders. As stated earlier, the investigations carried out in the journal article of paediatrics employed case-control cohort study. A large, population-based case control study, was carried out within an integrated health plan with extensive computerized data resources involving prospectively laboratory collected results and diagnoses (Pediatrics Digest as cited in Lisa et al., 2005). Case and control subjects were identified from the cohort of infants who were born at a northern California Kaiser Permanente (KP) facility between January 1995 and December 1998 and remained KP members for more than two years after birth (n=73 291) (Pediatrics Digest as cited in Lisa et al., 2005). Case subjects (n=393) were defined as children for whom an ASD diagnosis, i.e., Asperger’s syndrome or pervasive development disorder were recorded in KP outpatients clinical databases at any time between January 1995 and December 1998†¦All the children were between the 4 and 7 years old at the time the database was  scanned. 5 control subjects per case subject, were randomly selected from the cohort of children who did not have the diagnosis of ASD recorded in the clinical database.